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100 lines
3.8 KiB
100 lines
3.8 KiB
WareLogging. SourceCode. BASH is the BourneAgainShell. In terms of scripting, I tend to think it's considerably more sane to write Perl these days, but I promise you Bash is not going away any time soon.
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= keys & builtins =
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* Press ctrl-r for an interactive search of your command history. This is usually faster than arrow keys, and probably safer than guessing at a bang completion.
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* esc, . (escape, followed by a period) will pull up the last word of the last command
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* "cd -" - bounce back to the last directory.
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* Redirect STDERR: "command 2> file"
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= references & tutorials =
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* [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-bash.html Bash by example, Part 1]
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* [http://www.cs.uu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/unix-faq/shell/csh-whynot.html csh programming considered harmful]
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* [http://www.shelldorado.com/ Heiner's SHELLdorado]
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* [http://talug.org/events/20030709/cmdline_history.html Using Bash's History Effectively] - A few cool tricks here I wasn't aware of.
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** export HISTIGNORE="&:ls:[bf]g:exit"
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** 'shopt -s cmdhist' - record multiline commands as a single line in history
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** history | grep -i "<search string>"
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** !<history number>
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= aliases =
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To investigate: BashFunctions.
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From several versions of ~/.bashrc:
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# stack-based directory navigation:
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# c to change, b for back, u for up.
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alias b='popd'
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alias u='pushd ..'
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alias c='pushd'
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# frequent commands:
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alias m='mutt'
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# p used to be pine, but I quit using pine.
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alias p='ssh p1k3.com'
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alias v='vim'
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# these might break using GNU date(1), I should really check.
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alias t='cd /www/p1k3/archives/`date +%Y`/`date +%m`'
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alias tv='vim /www/p1k3/archives/`date +%Y`/`date +%m`/`date +%d`'
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# colorized & shortened ls
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alias ls='ls --color=auto '
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alias ll='ls -lh'
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alias la='ls -A'
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alias l='ls -CF'
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# for those MS-DOS kinda days
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alias dir='ls --color=auto --format=vertical'
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alias vdir='ls --color=auto --format=long'
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# command prompt
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# user@host:working_directory$
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PS1='\u@\h:\w\$ '
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= .inputrc =
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This stuff is crucial: Kill the obnoxious beep, and cycle through possible completions rather than requiring 2 presses of the tab key to display a list of choices.
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set bell-style none
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set completion-ignore-case on
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set completion-query-items 150
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set mark-directories on
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set visible-stats on
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TAB: menu-complete
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= Constantly refreshing display of command output =
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I often want to monitor a file or service in real-time. This lets me do it:
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while [ 1 ]; do { clear; tail -20 /var/log/messages; sleep 1; } done
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This will display the last 20 lines of /var/log/messages on a blank screen, refreshing every second. Replace "tail -20 /var/log/messages" with the command that you want to refresh.
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<[[Brennen]]> As another approach, [http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_chapter/coreutils_5.html#SEC19 tail(1)] itself offers the -f / --follow option, so for example,
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tail -f /var/log/httpd/access.log
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At least some versions of tail support following multiple files at once. These may be GNU specific options; I'll look it up at some point.
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There's also watch(1), which is essentially the above loop for whatever command you feed it.
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<[[Brent]]> Very cool! I created the above trick because I've been on systems on which watch wasn't available, and I wanted to watch a process (say, "ps -ef | grep sql") instead of a file.
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It's also nice to have it clear the screen each time.
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= In-place Files =
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In attempting to automated FTP uploads, [[Brent]] has had trouble passing data to the ftp command. An easy solution:
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ftp -n -i (HOST) <<- endcommands
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USER (USERNAME) (PASSWORD)
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cd wwwroot
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mput *
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bye
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endcommands
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The -n parameter suppresses auto-login, and -i turns off prompting.
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